Cognitive informatics is a multidisciplinary field that acts as the bridge between natural science and information science. Specifically, it investigates the potential applications of information processing and natural intelligence to science and engineering disciplines. This collection, entitled Discoveries and Breakthroughs in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence provides emerging research topics in cognitive informatics research with a focus on such topics as reducing cognitive overload, real-time process algebra, and neural networks for iris recognition, emotion recognition in speech, and the classification of musical chords.