This book focuses on the research topics investigated during the three-year research project funded by the Italian Ministero dell Istruzione, dell Università e della Ricerca (MIUR: Ministry of Education, University and Research) under the FIRB project RBNE01CW3M. With the aim of introducing newer perspectives of the research on complexity, the final results of the project are presented after a general introduction to the subject. The book is intended to provide researchers, PhD students, and people involved in research projects in companies with the basic fundamentals of complex systems and the advanced project results recently obtained.

Contents: The CNN Paradigm for Complexity; Emergent Phenomena in Neuroscience; Frequency Analysis and Identification in Atomic Force Microscopy; Control and Parameter Estimation of Systems with Low-Dimensional Chaos -- The Role of Peak-to-Peak Dynamics; Synchronization of Complex Networks; Economic Sector Identification in a Set of Stocks Traded at the New York Exchange: A Comparative Analysis; Innovation Systems by Nonlinear Networks.